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2、緊扣專業(yè),主線明確,避免盲目個性化。讓招生委員會知道你選擇該專業(yè)的明確和強烈的動機,同時具備充分的條件完成該專業(yè)的學習。3、結構簡單,銜接緊密,主線明確,便于理解。謹記:simple is the best。4、精心安排PS和其它
美國工科留學個人陳述英文范文。在美國研究生申請材料中,個人陳述、推薦信、簡歷、Essay以及Writing Sample等材料的作用很重要,特別是個人陳述所占的比重更大,對于計劃申請美國研究生的人來說,在留學中寫好個人陳述一定要慎
土木工程自薦信1 尊敬的領導: 您好! 首先請允許我向您致以真誠的問候和良好的祝愿!非常感謝您在百忙之中審閱我的求職材料。我是08級土木工程三班的學生,很快就是我步入社會的時間。懷著一種有所作為的希望與理想,懷著一顆赤誠之心
Personal statements Engineering, the result of the equation: Scientific knowledge + Mathematics, with the purpose of creating processes from which all Earth's inventions develop. It is a concept which dates back from the ea
rich work experience and promising research potential, I can assert, without any shame of arrogance, that I am exactly the candidate you are looking for.以上為大家介紹的就是美國留學:土木工程專業(yè)個人陳述范文鑒賞
美國留學土木工程專業(yè)個人陳述范文四篇 范文一 I have always enjoyed and achieved highly in science and maths. I also appreciate problem solving and the feeling of achievement associated with the practical use of design and
美國留學土木工程專業(yè)個人陳述范文四篇
急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻及翻譯,畢業(yè)設計需要用。有的朋友麻煩上傳,萬分感謝!!! 急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻及翻譯,畢業(yè)設計需要用。有的朋友麻煩上傳,萬分感謝!!! 展開 我來答 2
我把我寫的那篇給你吧 反正我也交了C) Civil Engineering Research Institute of Gansu, opportunities and threat analysis 1. The opportunity to analyze the external environment since 1992, China's construction market has expande
我的 求土木工程專業(yè)論文,英語的(有翻譯的更好) 要求字數4000——5000具體描寫的是一項某某工程的更好, 要求字數4000——5000具體描寫的是一項某某工程的更好, 展開 我來答 2個回答 #熱議# 張桂梅幫助的只有女生嗎?mypa
airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直譯是民用工程,它是建造各種工程的統稱。它既指建設的對象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程設施,也指應用的材料設備和進行的勘測,設計施工,保養(yǎng),維修等專業(yè)技術。土木工程隨著人類社
要求如下:1.字數50002.內容是關于土木工程類的3.必須是英文,然后帶有中文翻譯4.論文中要出現摘要和參考文獻郵箱是1178171161@qq 如果查收符合以上要求,立即采納,不勝感激 要求如下:1.字數50002.內容是關于土木工程類的3.必須
我急需一篇關于土木工程的中英文翻譯論文 5000字 畢業(yè)用的
What kind of interesting work are other Civil Engineers doing right now?I'm working on an excavation for a building that is part of a Physics Experiment. We blasted our way 80ft deep into granite. The ho
Civil engineering is constructed in various construction projects referred to. It is intended to " Military " project and corresponding. In English, Civil Engineering also includes water conservancy engineering, port
Civil engineering is the oldest branch of the profession of engineering after military engineering. Many of the important things in our lives that we take for granted are the product of civil engineering.The con
土木工程英語求職信范文篇一:Distinguished leadership of your pany:Hello!Thank you very much for sparing the time to review my cover letter, I wish to give me the opportunity. As a Civil Engineering Bridge gr
求土木工程專業(yè)英語作文一片,內容如下
建筑 對大型建筑項目,如摩天大樓,起重機在建筑工程領域和土木工程特別重要,包括建造或裝配的基礎設施。遠遠不是一個單一的活動,大規(guī)模的建設是一個壯舉。這項工作通常是由項目經理進行管理,由施工經理,設計工程師,建筑
土木工程是最古老的工程后,軍事工程學科之一。它一直以來,人類生存生活的各個方面的一個開端。直到近代也沒有土木工程與建筑之間明確的區(qū)分。民間建筑和工程的主要方面之一,是結構工程。隨著結構工程的結構必須能夠成功支持本身
土木工程是一門學科,專業(yè)工程的設計,施工和維護自然的物理和環(huán)境建設,包括橋梁,道路,河渠,堤壩和建筑物的工程協議。土木工程是最古老的軍事工程后,工程學科,它被定義為區(qū)分軍事工程非軍事工程。這是傳統分解成若干子學科
建筑藝術是指按照美的規(guī)律,運用建筑藝術獨特的藝術語言,使建筑形象具有文化價值和審美價值,具有象征性和形式美,體現出民族性和時代感。 以其功能性特點為標準,建筑藝術可分為紀念性建筑、宮殿陵墓建筑、宗教建筑、住宅建筑、園林建筑、生產
在依法行政,協助設計和建設的情況下,業(yè)主可以選擇從事建筑項目經理。建筑承包商雇用的勞動力,一般有大工和小工。大工再建筑工程中從事技術活,如木工,管道工,工會成員和電工工會,小工則執(zhí)行了分配給他們的工作。在施工期間,一切工作都要驗收
If You Build It …People say the government should be run more like a business. So imagine yourself as CEO. Your bridges are crumbling. Your air-traffic control system doesn’t use GPS. The Society of Ci
求一篇關于土木工程房屋建筑方面的英文文章
翻譯:建筑類型和設計建筑物與人們有著緊密的聯系,他為人們提供必要的空間,用以工作和生活。根據適用類型不同,建筑物可以分為兩類:工業(yè)建筑和民用建筑。工業(yè)建筑包括各個工廠或工業(yè)生產所使用建筑,民用建筑是指那些人們用以居住,就業(yè),教育
If You Build It …People say the government should be run more like a business. So imagine yourself as CEO. Your bridges are crumbling. Your air-traffic control system doesn’t use GPS. The Society of
On these will hinge the future property acquisitions and settlements made by the right-of-way agents. 由地段權政府代表做出的今后所有權的獲得和結算都將依此而定。Large-scale topographic maps or other special
Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. Civil engineering might be considered properly commencing between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia when humans started
a large number of new entrants making a relatively large number of engineering consulting firm, and the annual increase rapidly, out of less. Engineering
土木工程是一個概念,涉及的設計,建造和保養(yǎng)身體和自然的建筑環(huán)境。民間建筑和工程的行為,包括橋梁,道路,運河, **,水壩和其他建筑物。這些都只是僅是民用建設工程,是幾個例子。土木工程是最古老的工程后,軍事工程學科
Engineersconsider many factors when developing a new product. For example, in developing an industrial robot, engineers precisely specify the functional requirements; design and test the robot抯 components; integrate
求1000字左右的土木工程英語文章 帶翻譯的
你知道用英文怎樣告訴他人,工程師和土木工程師是干什么的嗎?SO,here:Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals,
土木工程是一個概念,涉及的設計,建造和保養(yǎng)身體和自然的建筑環(huán)境。民間建筑和工程的行為,包括橋梁,道路,運河, **,水壩和其他建筑物。這些都只是僅是民用建設工程,是幾個例子。土木工程是最古老的工程后,軍事工程學科
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直譯是民用工程,它是建造各種工程的統稱。它既指建設的對象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程設施,也指應用的材料設備和進行的勘測,設計施工,保養(yǎng),維修等專業(yè)技術。土木工程隨著人類社
Build a project facilities to want to pass commonly survey, design and construction three stages, need to use engineering geological prospecting, geological investigation Hydrological geology exploration and engineering s
從土木工程專業(yè)英語中學到什么英文短文
1.英語還是得學,不管是否是專業(yè)英語或是日常英語。這對于你以后的工作生活都非常有用。 2.工作很少用到英語的,主要還是得看你的公司的業(yè)務。類似于外資企業(yè)的話是要看英語口試的。 3.大三一年,學好自己的專業(yè);準備起注冊建造師和注冊結構師的考試,爭取在大四或畢業(yè)時能考出來。另外,如果能學個會計、概預算或工程管理、工程經濟更好。 4.如果不讀研的話暑假找份好實習吧。《土木工程專業(yè)英語》既可作為土木工程專業(yè)本科生教材,也可供土木工程專業(yè)的教師及工程技術人員參考、閱讀。
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings. Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering. Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies. History of civil engineering Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields. Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes' screw. Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, for excavation (volume) computations. 土木工程是一門學科,專業(yè)工程的設計,施工和維護自然的物理和環(huán)境建設,包括橋梁,道路,河渠,堤壩和建筑物的工程協議。土木工程是最古老的軍事工程后,工程學科,它被定義為區(qū)分軍事工程非軍事工程。這是傳統分解成若干子學科包括環(huán)境工程,巖土工程,結構工程,交通工程,市政工程或城市,水資源工程,材料工程,海岸工程,測量,施工工程。土木工程需要在所有層次上進行:在從市政公用部門通過聯邦的水平,并在私營部門,個別業(yè)主通過向國際公司 土木工程的歷史 土木工程是物理和科學原理的應用,它的歷史是錯綜復雜的聯系在物理學和數學的了解整個歷史的進步。由于土木工程是一個廣泛的行業(yè),包括一些獨立的專門的子學科,它的歷史是聯系在一起的結構,材料科學,地理,地質,土壤,水文,環(huán)境,機械和其他領域的知識。 在整個歷史上最古老的和中世紀的建筑設計和施工進行了如石匠和木匠手藝,上升到建筑師的角色。知識是保留在很少的行會和進步所取代。構筑物,道路和基礎設施存在的重復,并在規(guī)模上升的增量。 對科學方法的物理和數學問題適用于土木工程最早的例子之一是阿基米德在公元前3世紀,包括阿基米德的原則,鞏固我們的浮力的認識,如阿基米德螺旋切實可行的解決辦法的工作。婆羅門,印度數學家,用在公元7世紀算法的基礎上,印度教,阿拉伯數字,挖掘(卷)計算。
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The urban river embankment discuss the ecological construction Anonymous XXXXXXXX Abstract: the urban river embankment construction as the object, discuss the current social background, analyses and compares the river embankment design of traditional methods and characteristics of ecological methods, and puts forward three modes of ecological design and their advantages and disadvantages, and expounds the present situation of the ecological construction in domestic bank and future prospects. Keywords: the bank; Ecology; Design way; Domestic situation Text: A, background River Banks part is the amphibious interlaced transition belt, has the remarkable edge effect. Here are active substances, nutrient and energy flow, offer a habitat for a variety of creatures. Natural state Banks often species richness, productivity high. The traditional embankment design often sin*** ? 一、背景 河流的堤岸部分是水陸交錯的過渡地帶,具有顯著的邊緣效應。這里有活躍的物質、養(yǎng)分和能量的流動,為多種生物提供了棲息地。自然狀態(tài)下的堤岸往往物種豐富、生產力高。 傳統的堤岸設計往往會單純從防洪角度出發(fā),采用土堤或者土石混合堆砌起來高高的堤岸。它的優(yōu)點在于高度的可靠性,結構設計后加起防護堤岸抗流水沖刷能力顯著增強。對于洪水暴發(fā)頻繁、侵蝕嚴重的區(qū)段,這樣的設計無可厚非,而對于一般河流堤岸的修建,這樣的設計則顯得缺乏環(huán)境的美化和綠化,同時也破壞許多對生態(tài)起重要作用的自然因素,如破壞植被與河床間的聯系,造成沖刷侵蝕轉移等。 另外,河流作為城市風貌不可多得的珍惜資源,也是城市風貌的特色要素,它的景觀塑造顯得十分必要。同時,堤岸景觀建設必然使濱河地區(qū)土地價值提升,濱水開發(fā)的高投資回報的特點更增強了對城市堤岸景觀建設的需求。 二、需求——堤岸的生態(tài)化建設 河流堤岸作為城市中最鄰近河流的區(qū)域,是城市與河流的銜接線,它的景觀規(guī)劃是提高城市生活品質的需要,也是豐富城市景觀的需要。 生態(tài)化建設,它的根本思路是運用自然本身抗干擾和自我修復的能力來處理人與自然的關系。生態(tài)設計方法不同于傳統用人工的結構和形式來取代自然的方法,而是用自然的結構和形式來順應自然的進程。 將河岸與河道在生態(tài)上聯系起來,也就實現了物質、養(yǎng)分、能量的交流:對于生物,它提供了合適的棲息地;植物根系可固著土壤,枝葉可截留雨水,過濾地表逕流,抵抗流水沖刷,從而起到保護堤岸、增加堤岸結構的穩(wěn)定性、凈化水質、涵養(yǎng)水源的作用,而且隨著時間的推移,這些作用被不斷加強。同時,生態(tài)化建設以自然的外貌出現,容易與環(huán)境取得協調,造價也較低,不需要長期的維護管理。 三、河流堤岸生態(tài)化設計方式 河流堤岸生態(tài)化設計,要遵守生態(tài)設計的原則,注重地方性、保護與節(jié)約自然資本、讓自然做功、顯露自然,主要體現在對地域氣候環(huán)境、河流地質地貌、水文變化的適應,對河流生態(tài)環(huán)境的考慮,對堤岸地形的處理和對筑堤材料的選擇和構造方式方面。 1) 人工類: 傳統方法是采用塊石或混凝土塊磚等堆砌??稍诖嘶A上加以改進以適應河流景觀設計的需求。 a) 塊石或混凝土塊磚干砌,不用砂漿。這樣在砌塊之間就留有空隙,為后期濱河植物的生長提供了空間。隨著時間的推移,堤岸會逐漸呈現出自然的風貌。 b) 堤岸采用臺階式分級,臺階面上的空間加以利用,種植植物。 當然這兩種改進方法對于河岸處現有植被仍存在一定的不良影響,人工痕跡也過于明顯。 2) 自然類: 充分利用堤岸植被原型,可直接將適用于濱河地帶生長的植被種植于堤岸上,利用植物的根、莖、葉來穩(wěn)固堤岸,防止侵蝕、控制沉積的同時也為生物提供了棲息地。 3) 人工自然相結合 綜合了以上兩種方法的優(yōu)點,具有人工結構的穩(wěn)定性和自然的外貌,見效快、生態(tài)效益好,以下為常見的兩種類型: a) 種植植物的堆石 將由大小不同的石塊組成的堆石置于與水接觸的土壤表面,再把活體切枝插入石堆中使斜坡更加穩(wěn)定。根系可提高強度,植被可遮蓋石塊,使堤岸外貌更加自然。 b) 與植物結合使用的插孔式混凝土塊 將預制的混凝土塊以連鎖的形式置于岸底的淺渠中,再將植物切枝或植株扦插于混凝土塊之間和堤岸上部,其上覆土壓實,再播種草本植物。 堤岸生態(tài)化建設也存在一定的局限性。如:選用的材料及建造方法不同,堤岸的防護能力相差很大,需要運用多學科知識認真分析,這就為設計人員提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn);建造初期若受到強烈干擾,則會影響到以后防護作用的發(fā)揮等。這也就對河流堤岸的生態(tài)化設計提出了更高的要求。 四、國內現狀 1)省會城市 在我國省會城市及計劃單列市中有近80%進行了堤岸景觀規(guī)劃。(參考文獻[3]) 城 市 項目名稱 城 市 項目名稱 北 京 長河城市水系統綜合治理 南 寧 堤岸園工程 長 沙 湘江風光帶 寧 波 濱江大道沿江景觀工程 成 都 府南河綠化工程 上 海 外灘、陸家嘴濱江大道 福 州 閔江江濱公園 沈 陽 渾河觀光旅游帶 廣 州 珠江二沙段堤岸景觀、芳村長堤建設 太 原 汾河公園 貴 陽 南明河景觀綠化工程 天 津 海河堤岸改造工程 哈爾濱 松花江南岸沿江風景長廊 武 漢 漢口江灘一二期工程 昆 明 盤龍江中段濱水生態(tài)景觀建設 西 安 灞河大水大綠工程 蘭 州 黃河風情線 重 慶 南濱路濱江旅游觀光大道 從規(guī)劃后建成情況看,這些城市河流堤岸景觀項目都得到了當地政府與市民的肯定。在這些項目中,堤岸既可成為當地最具吸引力的城市公園,如太原的汾河公園和福州的江濱公園;堤岸也可成為市民日常休閑活動的熱點地段,如南寧的堤路園和武漢的漢口江灘工程;堤岸還可成為城市最具特色的地段,如重慶的南濱路濱江旅游觀光大道;堤岸更可成為城市旅游的熱點,如上海的外灘和陸家嘴濱江大道。總之,經過景觀規(guī)劃的堤岸已成為當地最具特色的地區(qū)。 從建設效果看,相對堤岸的原來面貌而言,統計資料中的這些景觀工程都是較成功的,都成為當地城市關注的熱點,成為當地政府的政績工程,成為當地的民心工程。城市河流堤岸通過景觀規(guī)劃,有效地改善了濱河地段的環(huán)境,并帶動濱河地段的開發(fā)。但必須清醒地認識到,這些城市堤岸景觀項目規(guī)劃并非盡善盡美,也存在這樣或那樣的問題,仍有待完善。 2)中小城市 城市經濟實力的強大決定了其城市建設水平的高標準和高水平。 中小城市河流堤岸景觀與統計資料中的城市存在較大的差距,存在更多的問題。特別是由于資金問題,堤岸景觀是,純人工,狀態(tài)的鋼筋混凝土防洪堤,或保持自然防洪狀態(tài)的土石堤,沒有經過景觀規(guī)劃,易造成城市資源的極大浪費。 五、前景 目前,河流景觀建設,特別是城市河流景觀建設,在中國正方興未艾;在發(fā)達國家中也是一個久盛不衰的話題。 回顧發(fā)達國家河流景觀建設的歷史,自20世紀70年代以來,隨著人們環(huán)境意識的普遍增強,重視河流景觀的生態(tài)功能已成為一個時代的呼喚,河流景觀建設的生態(tài)設計方法也已得到了空前的重視和發(fā)展。他山之石可以攻玉,借鑒發(fā)達國家已經形成的成熟的理念和做法,可以使我們少走彎路,搭上隆隆前進的生態(tài)建設之車。
土木工程是中國普通高等學校本科專業(yè)。 Civil engineering is an undergraduate major in Chinese colleges and universities. 土木工程的目的是形成人類生產或生活所需要的、功能良好且舒適美觀的空間和通道。 The purpose of civil engineering is to form a comfortable and beautiful space and channel with good functions required by human production or life. 它既是物質方面的需要,也有象征精神方面的需求。 It is not only a material need,but also a spiritual need. 隨著社會的發(fā)展,工程結構越來越大型化、復雜化,超高層建筑、特大型橋梁、巨型大壩、復雜的地鐵系統不斷涌現,滿足人們的生活需求,同時也演變?yōu)樯鐣嵙Φ南笳鳌?With the development of society, engineering structures are becoming more and more large and complex. Super high-rise buildings,especially large bridges, large dams and complex subway systems are emerging to meet people's living needs. At the same time,they have evolved into a symbol of social strength. 土木工程需要解決的根本問題是工程的安全,使結構能夠抵抗各種自然或人為的作用力。 The fundamental problem to be solved in civil engineering is the safety of the project,so that the structure can resist various natural or man-made operation capabilities. 任何一個工程結構都要承受自身重量,以及承受使用荷載和風力的作用,濕度變化也會對土木工程結構產生力作用。 Any engineering structure must bear its own weight and accept the action of service load and wind. The change of humidity will also have a hard work on the civil engineering structure. 在地震區(qū),土木工程結構還應考慮抵御地震作用。 In the earthquake area,the civil engineering structure should also consider resisting earthquake. 此外,爆炸、振動等人為作用對土木工程的影響也不能忽略。 In addition,the impact of explosion and vibration on civil engineering can not be ignored.
civil engineering Profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, including bridges, canals, dams, harbors, lighthouses, roads, tunnels, and environmental works (e.g., water-supply systems). The modern field includes power plants, aircraft and airports, chemical-processing plants, and water-treatment facilities. Civil engineering today involves site investigations and feasibility studies, structural design and analysis, construction, and facilities maintenance. The design of engineering works requires the application of design theory from many fields (e.g., hydraulics, thermodynamics, nuclear physics). Research in structural analysis and the technology of materials such as steel and concrete has opened the way for new concepts and greater economy of materials. The engineer's analysis of a building problem determines the structural system to be used. Structural designs are rigorously analyzed by computers to determine if they will withstand loads and natural forces. 土木工程 設計和修建各種公用建筑的結構工程設施的科學技術,這些工程包括橋梁、水壩、港口、燈塔、道路、隧道和環(huán)境工程(如供水系統)?,F代這個領域還包括:發(fā)電廠、航空港、化學處理廠和污水處理設備等?,F在土木工程涉及的范圍還包括場地的測量和研究、結構設計和分析、建造,以及設備的維護。工程設計的工作需要應用許多方面的設計理論(如水力學、熱力學和核物理等)。結構分析和材料技術的研發(fā)(諸如鋼和混凝土)已開發(fā)出更新穎的觀念和更經濟的材料。工程師在分析一種建筑問題時,就已決定該用何種結構系統。計算機可精確分析結構設計以判定結構體是否承受得起載重量和自然力量。
我畢業(yè)設計的時候翻譯過英文論文,不過只有3000字,不知道行不行,如果需要給我發(fā)信息。
Improved nonlinear plastic hinge analysis of space frame structures J.Y. Richard Liew a,*, H. Chen a, N.E. Shanmugam a, W.F. Chen b a Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore b School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Received 5 January 1999; received in revised form 17 August 1999; accepted 25 August 1999 Abstract This paper is concerned with second-order plastic hinge analysis of three-dimensional frame structures. The beam–column formulation is based on the use of stability interpolation functions for the transverse displacements, and considers the elastic coupling effects between axial, flexural and torsional displacements. The developed computer program can be used to predict accurately the elastic flexural buckling load of columns and frames by modelling each physical member as one element. It can also be used to predict the elastic buckling loads associated with axial-torsional and lateral-torsional instabilities, which are essential for predicting the nonlinear behaviour of space frame structures. The member bowing effect and initial out-of-straightness are also considered so that the nonlinear spatial behaviour of structures can be captured with fewer elements per member. Material nonlinearity is modelled by using the concentrated plastic hinge approach. Plastic hinge between the member ends is allowed to occur. Numerical examples including both geometric and material nonlinearities are used to demonstrate the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed analytical method and computer program. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Advanced analysis; Buckling; Nonlinear analysis; Plastic hinges; Space frames; Instability 1. Introduction Two-dimensional (2-D) plastic hinge analysis of plane frames composed of members with compact section, fully braced out-of-plane, has been the subject for investigation in recent years. The theory for advanced inelastic analysis of rigid and semi-rigid 2-D frames has been well developed and verified by tests [1,2]. These analysis methods fulfil the requirements for the prediction of member strength and stability, with some constraints, satisfying the conventional column and beam–column design limit-state checks. Although there have been much work on the plastic hinge analysis of 3-D frame structures, the issues related to different theoretical and numerical formulations and their accuracy and efficiency in solving large frameworks are not addressed well. The research presented in this paper is an extension of advanced analysis for 2-D frames [2] to 3-D frames [3– 5], reflecting the current trend towards the rationalisation of advanced analysis procedures. * Corresponding 改進非線性塑性鉸空間框架結構的分析 摘要: 這份研究報告表明三維的框架結構與二維邏輯性塑性鉸的關聯,梁柱公式化的表述并嵌入橫斷面移動為基準,并考慮軸力、彎曲和扭力的移位之間的關系。發(fā)達的計算機程序作出通過每個物質成分作為一個基本部件做模型的塔器和框架可彎曲的負載量,它也能預報可彎曲負載量與軸向扭力和橫向扭力的不穩(wěn)定性的關聯,這對預報非線性空間結構的作用是必不可少的,以便非線性空間結構的性能和部分成分一些原理能被輸入計算機。重要的非線性通過使用濃縮的塑性鉸方式被制作模型,塑性鉸和成分末端是容許存在。數值的例子包括集合學和重要的非線性,兩者習慣于證明目的的分析方法和電腦程序的穩(wěn)定性,精確性。

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