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對科學(xué)方法的物理和數(shù)學(xué)問題適用于土木工程最早的例子之一是阿基米德在公元前3世紀(jì),包括阿基米德的原則,鞏固我們的浮力的認(rèn)識,如阿基米德螺旋切實(shí)可行的解決辦法的工作。婆羅門,印度數(shù)學(xué)家,用在公元7世紀(jì)算法的基礎(chǔ)上,印度教
The previous range of various types of engineering consulting services to include only projects a certain stage, or even just for a sin*** phase of the part of the project legal often require different stages of project
摘要:建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目是數(shù)量最多、最典型的“項(xiàng)目”,建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目管理的實(shí)踐是項(xiàng)目管理理論的重要淵源之一,融合了項(xiàng)目管理實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的系統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)目管理理論又為建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目管理提供了理論工具,使得建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目管理日益系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化。 關(guān)鍵詞:項(xiàng)
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直譯是民用工程,它是建造各種工程的統(tǒng)稱。它既指建設(shè)的對象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程設(shè)施,也指應(yīng)用的材料設(shè)備和進(jìn)行的勘測,設(shè)計(jì)施工,保養(yǎng),維修等專業(yè)技術(shù)。土木工程隨著人類社
There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete
5000字關(guān)于土木工程類的英語論文,并帶中文翻譯 要求如下:1.字?jǐn)?shù)50002.內(nèi)容是關(guān)于土木工程類的3.必須是英文,然后帶有中文翻譯4.論文中要出現(xiàn)摘要和參考文獻(xiàn)郵箱是1178171161@qq 如果查收符合以上要求,立即采納,不勝感激 要求如
5000字關(guān)于土木工程類的英語論文,并帶中文翻譯
求一篇土木工程外文翻譯一篇,字?jǐn)?shù)4000字左右。不要網(wǎng)上雷同的,謝謝哈。我英文不好,希望給小妹幫助(∩_ 10 不要寫下來,發(fā)到我郵箱showing741@163 不然雷同就麻煩了。 不要寫下來,發(fā)到我郵箱showing741@163 不然雷同就
土木工程英文 “ciil engineering”翻譯為“土木工程”,要從兩個(gè)方面來看成因。①“civil engineering”及相關(guān)詞匯的含義在不斷發(fā)展變化。②從西文翻譯為東方文字(中文/日文)時(shí)的考量與變化。有答主提到,“civil”在“civil
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直譯是民用工程,它是建造各種工程的統(tǒng)稱。它既指建設(shè)的對象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程設(shè)施,也指應(yīng)用的材料設(shè)備和進(jìn)行的勘測,設(shè)計(jì)施工,保養(yǎng),維修等專業(yè)技術(shù)。土木工程隨著人類社會的進(jìn)步而發(fā)展,至
土木工程英語是:civil engineering。土木工程造句:1.The Channel Tunnel project is the biggest civil engineering project in Europe.英吉利海峽隧道是歐洲最大的土木工程。2.He carved out a name for himself in the eng
airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting
Civil engineering,the oldest of the engineering specialties,is the planning,design,construction,and management of the built environment.This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles,fro
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直譯是民用工程,它是建造各種工程的統(tǒng)稱。它既指建設(shè)的對象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程設(shè)施,也指應(yīng)用的材料設(shè)備和進(jìn)行的勘測,設(shè)計(jì)施工,保養(yǎng),維修等專業(yè)技術(shù)。土木工程隨著人類社
土木工程5000字英語翻譯
1介紹 識別和診斷的影響的激進(jìn)行動處理第4章,結(jié)構(gòu)影響的第五章和第六。然而,一些現(xiàn)有的指導(dǎo)方面的資產(chǎn)管理包含在文檔,這些表面上所有關(guān)于個(gè)人侵略性的行為。這些都是在本章定義。在評估工作,重點(diǎn)涉及攻擊性行為如下:能夠確定
as after graduation in order to find a better design institute, incidentally, in a large design institute in the future will be to make money, oh (of course also very hard, huh, huh, there is no such
These will enable designer to have a driver's eye view and adjust the design to make it sesthetically pieasing. 這些將使設(shè)計(jì)師們能有著駕駛員的視角,并調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì),使之藝術(shù)上很美。
Abstract:To study the application of continuum structural topology optimization methods to real engineering structures,an optimization method for an optimal topology design of multistory steel frame bracing systems is p
Lesson 7 Transportation Systems交通運(yùn) 輸系統(tǒng) Transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have evolved over many years. The system consists of vehicles, guideways, terminal facili
airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting
Following final location,whether done in field or office,suffcient curvature,tangency,and other control points must be carefully referenced on the ground to permit easy location of the line dyring all phases of
求土木工程專業(yè)外語文章翻譯
5. Consulting service quality due to the lack of unified management of organizations in the technical quality of sector work is usually routine in-house office, there is no technical management and quality management function
我的 急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯,不少于3000個(gè)單詞 5 急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)需要用。有的朋友麻煩上傳,萬分感謝!!! 急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)需要用。有的朋友麻煩上
first choice for large enterprise infrastructure units (equivalent to Party), a relatively easy job, a lot of extra money. Followed by the construction of large-scale enterprises,
Do not know you are now sub-professional or not, there is no favorite direction? But what direction is not very important, the key is to watch your hobbies and interests. If you want to engage in design
請幫我找一篇3000字左右的土木工程英語文章并有專業(yè)翻譯。
大家都是搞工程的,有的是工程師,有的是未來的工程師.你知道用英文怎樣告訴他人,工程師和土木工程師是干什么的嗎?SO,here:Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to
Industrial Revolution. At the turn of the century, steel bridges were riveted together, not bolted; concrete bridges were cast in place, not precast; and large bridge members were built from lacing bars and
要求如下:1.字?jǐn)?shù)50002.內(nèi)容是關(guān)于土木工程類的3.必須是英文,然后帶有中文翻譯4.論文中要出現(xiàn)摘要和參考文獻(xiàn)郵箱是1178171161@qq 如果查收符合以上要求,立即采納,不勝感激 要求如下:1.字?jǐn)?shù)50002.內(nèi)容是關(guān)于土木工程類的3.必須
急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)需要用。有的朋友麻煩上傳,萬分感謝!!! 急求一篇土木工程畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)需要用。有的朋友麻煩上傳,萬分感謝!!! 展開 我來答 2個(gè)回答 #熱議# 你發(fā)朋友圈
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直譯是民用工程,它是建造各種工程的統(tǒng)稱。它既指建設(shè)的對象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程設(shè)施,也指應(yīng)用的材料設(shè)備和進(jìn)行的勘測,設(shè)計(jì)施工,保養(yǎng),維修等專業(yè)技術(shù)。土木工程隨著人類社
To promote urbanization. Well-known American economist, Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz at the World Bank conference in terms of: the 21st century the most important influences on human process, there are two things
急求一篇關(guān)于土木工程的英語論文,翻譯成中文3000字左右!!!
你好,已經(jīng)給你發(fā)送過去兩篇英文文獻(xiàn),是上圖書館資源數(shù)據(jù)庫搜索的。不過沒有翻譯,這個(gè)真的很難的。 2篇文章題名為: 《Automated output-only dynamic identification of civil engineering structures》 《Advances in Structural Control in Civil Engineering in China》 希望對你有幫助~ 知道 舉手之勞團(tuán)隊(duì) 隊(duì)長:曉斌如圖
橋梁介紹 橋是幫助人們跨越巨大的距離的偉大創(chuàng)新。他們也是人們征服空間的偉大標(biāo)志。
給個(gè)郵箱 給你發(fā)
WOOD BRIDGE FAILURE ANALYSIS by Charles C. Roberts, Jr. There are many private bridges owned by insured's throughout the country. The maintenance of these bridges is typically the responsibility of the insured. From time to time, a vehicle traveling over the bridge will cause a collapse of the bridge, damage to the vehicle and possible personal injury. The owner of the bridge, the insured, is often accused of negligent maintenance of the structure. This may or may not be true. Factors regarding the loss that tend to implicate the insured are: 1. Deterioration of the wood bridge structure 2. Improper design of the bridge structure 3. Improper construction Deterioration of the wood structure can be easily observed from failed wood members (see Claims, March 1991, Wood Failure Analysis). Dry rot, insect attack, and other decay related failure modes signal the weakening of the structure. Improper design can be assessed by looking at plans and determining the load capacity of the structure by calculation. Improper material selection such as not specifying treated wood at specific locations may be a design deficiency. Finally, improper construction, such as failure to install members or bolts can sufficiently weaken a structure. The mere failure of a bridge, where the claimant gets "dumped in the creek" is not usually persuasive in assigning liability to the insured. Some examples of factors implicating claimants are: 1. Operating an overloaded vehicle 2. Impacting the structure causing failure 3. Traveling at a speed such that dynamic forces overload the structure FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 Overloading a construction vehicle to save trips to the **** quarry is not unheard of. Vehicular impact with a bridge structural member can cause failure. Dynamic forces, those caused by bouncing or swaying, can superimpose additional loads on the bridge, causing a failure. Figure 1 is a view of a large truck that attempted to back over a private bridge to dump a load of gravel. Immediately, when the rear dual axles of the truck were supported by the bridge, a collapse occurred, trapping the truck on the bridge. The truck was recovered and the bridge analyzed. Figure 2 shows a wood beam that had failed in a rotted area. The loss scenario is a classic failure to maintain. FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 Figures 3 and 4 are views of a private suspension footbridge over a small creek. The insured was in the habit of letting snowmobilers drive their sleds over the bridge between farm fields. While crossing the bridge, a sled and driver fell through the bridge into the creek. Failure analysis of the wood stringers showed a degree of rot, reducing the load carrying capacity. However, the bouncing of the snowmobile as it crossed the wood stringers added dynamic loading to the system resulting in the loss. Here a combination of wood rot and dynamic loading explains the failure. When analyzing bridge failures, structural analysis of the bridge aids in the determination of load capacity. Computing or measuring the vehicle load determines the safety margin of the system, i.e., the difference between the bridge load capacity and the load carried. Finally, investigating deterioration, construction and design peculiarities further refines the cause of failure.
在朝派ruban和郊區(qū)areas徑流水域公畝處理通過a系統(tǒng)的排水srructures引去參考向某樣的人雨水道和他們的appurtenances.The排水問題存在增加在朝派這些areas主要對于兩reasoms:the不能透過的本質(zhì)的區(qū)域創(chuàng)造a非常高度runoff;and那里存在很少寄宿為天然的東西流淚courses它存在常常becessary向收取整個(gè)猛襲waterinto asysterm的管子和播送信號它剩余物相當(dāng)大距離befor它罐被松開再次某樣的人浮出水面徑流這個(gè)臟的沒有ponding因此消滅一些天然的東西存儲和通過增**度也高峰caues的更短工時(shí),systen,就象涵洞和橋是was,是更對shortduration高強(qiáng)度降雨量雨水道敏感設(shè)計(jì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)和量的ponding上各種各樣強(qiáng)度回程時(shí)期關(guān)系doponding的rof暴風(fēng)雨的高峰徑流被更迅速達(dá)到那個(gè)罐被容忍
The urban river embankment discuss the ecological construction Anonymous XXXXXXXX Abstract: the urban river embankment construction as the object, discuss the current social background, analyses and compares the river embankment design of traditional methods and characteristics of ecological methods, and puts forward three modes of ecological design and their advantages and disadvantages, and expounds the present situation of the ecological construction in domestic bank and future prospects. Keywords: the bank; Ecology; Design way; Domestic situation Text: A, background River Banks part is the amphibious interlaced transition belt, has the remarkable edge effect. Here are active substances, nutrient and energy flow, offer a habitat for a variety of creatures. Natural state Banks often species richness, productivity high. The traditional embankment design often sin*** ? 一、背景 河流的堤岸部分是水陸交錯(cuò)的過渡地帶,具有顯著的邊緣效應(yīng)。這里有活躍的物質(zhì)、養(yǎng)分和能量的流動,為多種生物提供了棲息地。自然狀態(tài)下的堤岸往往物種豐富、生產(chǎn)力高。 傳統(tǒng)的堤岸設(shè)計(jì)往往會單純從防洪角度出發(fā),采用土堤或者土石混合堆砌起來高高的堤岸。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于高度的可靠性,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)后加起防護(hù)堤岸抗流水沖刷能力顯著增強(qiáng)。對于洪水暴發(fā)頻繁、侵蝕嚴(yán)重的區(qū)段,這樣的設(shè)計(jì)無可厚非,而對于一般河流堤岸的修建,這樣的設(shè)計(jì)則顯得缺乏環(huán)境的美化和綠化,同時(shí)也破壞許多對生態(tài)起重要作用的自然因素,如破壞植被與河床間的聯(lián)系,造成沖刷侵蝕轉(zhuǎn)移等。 另外,河流作為城市風(fēng)貌不可多得的珍惜資源,也是城市風(fēng)貌的特色要素,它的景觀塑造顯得十分必要。同時(shí),堤岸景觀建設(shè)必然使濱河地區(qū)土地價(jià)值提升,濱水開發(fā)的高投資回報(bào)的特點(diǎn)更增強(qiáng)了對城市堤岸景觀建設(shè)的需求。 二、需求——堤岸的生態(tài)化建設(shè) 河流堤岸作為城市中最鄰近河流的區(qū)域,是城市與河流的銜接線,它的景觀規(guī)劃是提高城市生活品質(zhì)的需要,也是豐富城市景觀的需要。 生態(tài)化建設(shè),它的根本思路是運(yùn)用自然本身抗干擾和自我修復(fù)的能力來處理人與自然的關(guān)系。生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)方法不同于傳統(tǒng)用人工的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式來取代自然的方法,而是用自然的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式來順應(yīng)自然的進(jìn)程。 將河岸與河道在生態(tài)上聯(lián)系起來,也就實(shí)現(xiàn)了物質(zhì)、養(yǎng)分、能量的交流:對于生物,它提供了合適的棲息地;植物根系可固著土壤,枝葉可截留雨水,過濾地表逕流,抵抗流水沖刷,從而起到保護(hù)堤岸、增加堤岸結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性、凈化水質(zhì)、涵養(yǎng)水源的作用,而且隨著時(shí)間的推移,這些作用被不斷加強(qiáng)。同時(shí),生態(tài)化建設(shè)以自然的外貌出現(xiàn),容易與環(huán)境取得協(xié)調(diào),造價(jià)也較低,不需要長期的維護(hù)管理。 三、河流堤岸生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì)方式 河流堤岸生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì),要遵守生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的原則,注重地方性、保護(hù)與節(jié)約自然資本、讓自然做功、顯露自然,主要體現(xiàn)在對地域氣候環(huán)境、河流地質(zhì)地貌、水文變化的適應(yīng),對河流生態(tài)環(huán)境的考慮,對堤岸地形的處理和對筑堤材料的選擇和構(gòu)造方式方面。 1) 人工類: 傳統(tǒng)方法是采用塊石或混凝土塊磚等堆砌??稍诖嘶A(chǔ)上加以改進(jìn)以適應(yīng)河流景觀設(shè)計(jì)的需求。 a) 塊石或混凝土塊磚干砌,不用砂漿。這樣在砌塊之間就留有空隙,為后期濱河植物的生長提供了空間。隨著時(shí)間的推移,堤岸會逐漸呈現(xiàn)出自然的風(fēng)貌。 b) 堤岸采用臺階式分級,臺階面上的空間加以利用,種植植物。 當(dāng)然這兩種改進(jìn)方法對于河岸處現(xiàn)有植被仍存在一定的不良影響,人工痕跡也過于明顯。 2) 自然類: 充分利用堤岸植被原型,可直接將適用于濱河地帶生長的植被種植于堤岸上,利用植物的根、莖、葉來穩(wěn)固堤岸,防止侵蝕、控制沉積的同時(shí)也為生物提供了棲息地。 3) 人工自然相結(jié)合 綜合了以上兩種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),具有人工結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性和自然的外貌,見效快、生態(tài)效益好,以下為常見的兩種類型: a) 種植植物的堆石 將由大小不同的石塊組成的堆石置于與水接觸的土壤表面,再把活體切枝插入石堆中使斜坡更加穩(wěn)定。根系可提高強(qiáng)度,植被可遮蓋石塊,使堤岸外貌更加自然。 b) 與植物結(jié)合使用的插孔式混凝土塊 將預(yù)制的混凝土塊以連鎖的形式置于岸底的淺渠中,再將植物切枝或植株扦插于混凝土塊之間和堤岸上部,其上覆土壓實(shí),再播種草本植物。 堤岸生態(tài)化建設(shè)也存在一定的局限性。如:選用的材料及建造方法不同,堤岸的防護(hù)能力相差很大,需要運(yùn)用多學(xué)科知識認(rèn)真分析,這就為設(shè)計(jì)人員提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn);建造初期若受到強(qiáng)烈干擾,則會影響到以后防護(hù)作用的發(fā)揮等。這也就對河流堤岸的生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì)提出了更高的要求。 四、國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀 1)省會城市 在我國省會城市及計(jì)劃單列市中有近80%進(jìn)行了堤岸景觀規(guī)劃。(參考文獻(xiàn)[3]) 城 市 項(xiàng)目名稱 城 市 項(xiàng)目名稱 北 京 長河城市水系統(tǒng)綜合治理 南 寧 堤岸園工程 長 沙 湘江風(fēng)光帶 寧 波 濱江大道沿江景觀工程 成 都 府南河綠化工程 上 海 外灘、陸家嘴濱江大道 福 州 閔江江濱公園 沈 陽 渾河觀光旅游帶 廣 州 珠江二沙段堤岸景觀、芳村長堤建設(shè) 太 原 汾河公園 貴 陽 南明河景觀綠化工程 天 津 海河堤岸改造工程 哈爾濱 松花江南岸沿江風(fēng)景長廊 武 漢 漢口江灘一二期工程 昆 明 盤龍江中段濱水生態(tài)景觀建設(shè) 西 安 灞河大水大綠工程 蘭 州 黃河風(fēng)情線 重 慶 南濱路濱江旅游觀光大道 從規(guī)劃后建成情況看,這些城市河流堤岸景觀項(xiàng)目都得到了當(dāng)?shù)卣c市民的肯定。在這些項(xiàng)目中,堤岸既可成為當(dāng)?shù)刈罹呶Φ某鞘泄珗@,如太原的汾河公園和福州的江濱公園;堤岸也可成為市民日常休閑活動的熱點(diǎn)地段,如南寧的堤路園和武漢的漢口江灘工程;堤岸還可成為城市最具特色的地段,如重慶的南濱路濱江旅游觀光大道;堤岸更可成為城市旅游的熱點(diǎn),如上海的外灘和陸家嘴濱江大道??傊?jīng)過景觀規(guī)劃的堤岸已成為當(dāng)?shù)刈罹咛厣牡貐^(qū)。 從建設(shè)效果看,相對堤岸的原來面貌而言,統(tǒng)計(jì)資料中的這些景觀工程都是較成功的,都成為當(dāng)?shù)爻鞘嘘P(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),成為當(dāng)?shù)卣恼児こ?,成為?dāng)?shù)氐拿裥墓こ?。城市河流堤岸通過景觀規(guī)劃,有效地改善了濱河地段的環(huán)境,并帶動濱河地段的開發(fā)。但必須清醒地認(rèn)識到,這些城市堤岸景觀項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃并非盡善盡美,也存在這樣或那樣的問題,仍有待完善。 2)中小城市 城市經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的強(qiáng)大決定了其城市建設(shè)水平的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和高水平。 中小城市河流堤岸景觀與統(tǒng)計(jì)資料中的城市存在較大的差距,存在更多的問題。特別是由于資金問題,堤岸景觀是,純?nèi)斯?,狀態(tài)的鋼筋混凝土防洪堤,或保持自然防洪狀態(tài)的土石堤,沒有經(jīng)過景觀規(guī)劃,易造成城市資源的極大浪費(fèi)。 五、前景 目前,河流景觀建設(shè),特別是城市河流景觀建設(shè),在中國正方興未艾;在發(fā)達(dá)國家中也是一個(gè)久盛不衰的話題。 回顧發(fā)達(dá)國家河流景觀建設(shè)的歷史,自20世紀(jì)70年代以來,隨著人們環(huán)境意識的普遍增強(qiáng),重視河流景觀的生態(tài)功能已成為一個(gè)時(shí)代的呼喚,河流景觀建設(shè)的生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)方法也已得到了空前的重視和發(fā)展。他山之石可以攻玉,借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)形成的成熟的理念和做法,可以使我們少走彎路,搭上隆隆前進(jìn)的生態(tài)建設(shè)之車。
我?guī)湍惆?...
odic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful,
金木水火土。

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